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The coverage of other Virtue Theories

Here are some examples of Verbs Not Spanned by Other Virtue Theories

1. Aristotelian (Nicomachean Ethics)​

Canon: Prudence, Justice, Temperance, Courage (+ minor virtues).

1.1 Verb: to measure

  • Aristotle: no clear category; does not map to Courage, Justice, Temperance, Prudence.
  • 21‑axis: Measurability + Truth.

1.2 Verb: to compete

  • Aristotle: only indirectly under Courage.
  • 21‑axis: Competition (+ Market if exchange context).

2. Stoic Virtues​

Canon: Wisdom, Justice, Courage, Temperance (cardinals).

2.1 Verb: to forgive

  • Stoics: fits nowhere directly; maybe Temperance (self‑control) or Justice (fair dealing).
  • 21‑axis: Forgiveness (atomic).

2.2 Verb: to govern

  • Stoics: at best “Wisdom.”
  • 21‑axis: Governance (atomic).

3. Christian Virtues​

Canon: Faith, Hope, Charity; Prudence, Justice, Temperance, Fortitude.

3.1 Verb: to trade

  • Christian canon: no explicit virtue for trade.
  • 21‑axis: Market (atomic).

3.2 Verb: to innovate

  • Canon: could be Hope, but forced.
  • 21‑axis: Creativity/Constructiveness + Industriousness.

4. Buddhist Pāramitās​

4.1 Verb: to forgive

  • Pāramitās: patience (Khanti) is endurance, not forgiveness.
  • 21‑axis: Mercy/Forgiveness (atomic).

4.2 Verb: to govern

  • Pāramitās: no explicit governance category.
  • 21‑axis: Governance.

5. Confucian Five Constants​

Anchors: Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi, Xin; harmony through ritual and education.

5.1 Verb: to forgive

  • Constants: Ren, Yi, Li, Zhi, Xin do not explicitly cover forgiveness.
  • 21‑axis: Mercy/Forgiveness.

5.2 Verb: to invent

  • Constants: no explicit Creativity.
  • 21‑axis: Creativity/Constructiveness + Industriousness.

6. Taoist Virtues​

6.1 Verb: to measure

  • Taoist categories: Ziran, Wu‑wei, Compassion, Simplicity → none are cover measurability.
  • 21‑axis: Measurability.

6.2 Verb: to compete

  • Taoism: harmony discourages overt contest.
  • 21‑axis: Competition.

7. Hindu (Dharma) and Yoga (Yamas/Niyamas)​

Anchors: Dharma (order/justice), Artha (prosperity), Kāma (desire), Mokṣa (liberation). Anchors: Non‑harm, truthfulness, non‑stealing, chastity, non‑grasping; purity, contentment, austerity, study, surrender.

7.1 Verb: to govern

  • Yamas/Niyamas: emphasize restraint, purity, self‑discipline → not governance.
  • 21‑axis: Governance.

7.2 Verb: to measure

  • Yamas/Niyamas: no explicit measurability.
  • 21‑axis: Measurability.

8. Judaism​

Anchors: Truth (Emet), Justice (Tzedek), Loving‑kindness (Chesed), Pikuach Nefesh (Life), Law/practice.

8.1 Verb: to compete

  • Competition is not seen as a virtue.
  • 21‑axis: Competition.

8.2 Verb: to innovate

  • Torah study fosters renewal but not as a virtue category.
  • 21‑axis: Creativity/Constructiveness.

9. Islam (Maqāṣid + Virtues)​

Anchors: Justice (‘Adl), Mercy (Raḥma), Truth (Sidq/Haqq), Maqāṣid (preservation of religion/life/intellect/lineage/wealth).

9.1 Verb: to compete

  • Maqāṣid: life, intellect, lineage, wealth, religion → no Competition.
  • 21‑axis: Competition.

9.2 Verb: to measure

  • Islamic virtues: Truth (Sidq), Justice (‘Adl), Mercy → no measurability.
  • 21‑axis: Measurability.

10. Modern VIA (Peterson & Seligman)​

10.1 Verb: to govern

  • VIA: fairness, leadership, perspective → but no systemic governance.
  • 21‑axis: Governance.

10.2 Verb: to trade

  • VIA: honesty, kindness, fairness → no Market.
  • 21‑axis: Market.

11. Utilitarianism​

Canon: Maximize utility.

11.1 Verb: to forgive

  • Utilitarianism: forgiveness justified only by outcomes → not atomic.
  • 21‑axis: Forgiveness.

11.2 Verb: to worship

  • Utilitarianism: irrelevant.
  • 21‑axis: Faith/Reason + Miracle.

12. Kantian Deontology​

Canon: Categorical imperative; duty.

12.1 Verb: to compete

  • Kant: universalizable? Competition is morally neutral.
  • 21‑axis: Competition.

12.2 Verb: to innovate

  • Kant: creativity is aesthetic, not moral.
  • 21‑axis: Creativity/Constructiveness.

13. Rawlsian Contractarianism​

Canon: Original position; fairness.

13.1 Verb: to measure

  • Rawls: veil of ignorance test = fairness, not measurement.
  • 21‑axis: Measurability.

13.2 Verb: to compete

  • Rawls: competition tolerated only if fair → but not a virtue.
  • 21‑axis: Competition.

14. Care Ethics​

Canon: Relational responsibility, responsiveness.

14.1 Verb: to govern

  • Care ethics: relational care, but not governance.
  • 21‑axis: Governance.

14.2 Verb: to compete

  • Care ethics: no space for Competition.
  • 21‑axis: Competition.

15. Capability Approach (Sen/Nussbaum)​

Canon: Substantive freedoms/capabilities set.

15.1 Verb: to innovate

  • Capabilities: creativity subsumed under “play” or “control over environment.”
  • 21‑axis: Creativity/Constructiveness.

15.2 Verb: to compete

  • Capabilities: no Competition virtue.
  • 21‑axis: Competition.

16. Summary​

16.1 Across all traditions and ethical systems examined, at least two verbs remain undecomposed in each.
16.2 These verbs decompose cleanly under the 21‑axis system, showing its spanning advantage.
16.3 Commonly missing axes: Competition, Market, Governance, Measurability, Creativity, Forgiveness.
16.4 This suggests these are the indispensable axes that make the 21‑system uniquely complete.

17. Chalengeability​

This document is available on Github for continuous challenge.

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