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Bibliography and Academic Sources

Purpose​

This bibliography provides the academic foundation for the virtue documentation project. It includes primary sources from various philosophical and religious traditions, as well as secondary scholarly sources for comparative analysis.

Note: Many current claims in the documentation lack proper citations. This bibliography represents the sources that SHOULD be consulted and cited for academic rigor.

Primary Sources​

Ancient Greek Philosophy​

  • Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. [Required for all virtue ethics claims]
  • Plato. Republic. [For discussions of cardinal virtues]
  • Aristotle. Eudemian Ethics. [For complete virtue ethics framework]

Christian Sources​

  • Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologica, IIa-IIae, Questions 1-170. [For theological virtues and cardinal virtues]
  • Augustine. Confessions. [For Christian virtue development]
  • The Bible (various translations). [For scriptural virtue foundations]

Islamic Sources​

  • The Qur'an. [For Islamic virtue concepts]
  • Al-Ghazali. Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya 'Ulum al-Din). [For Islamic ethics]
  • Ibn Rushd (Averroes). The Decisive Treatise. [For Islamic philosophical virtue]

Buddhist Sources​

  • Pali Canon (Tipitaka). [For original Buddhist ethical teachings]
  • Lotus Sutra. [For Mahayana virtue concepts]
  • Nagarjuna. Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way. [For Buddhist philosophical foundation]

Hindu Sources​

  • Patanjali. Yoga Sutras. [For Yamas and Niyamas]
  • Bhagavad Gita. [For dharmic virtue concepts]
  • Upanishads. [For foundational virtue philosophy]

Jewish Sources​

  • Talmud. [For Jewish ethical discussions]
  • Maimonides. Guide for the Perplexed. [For Jewish philosophical virtue]
  • Pirkei Avot (Ethics of the Fathers). [For practical Jewish ethics]

Chinese Philosophy​

  • Confucius. Analects. [For Confucian virtue system]
  • Laozi. Tao Te Ching. [For Taoist virtue concepts]
  • Mencius. Mencius. [For developed Confucian virtue theory]

Secondary Academic Sources​

Virtue Ethics Scholarship​

  • Foot, Philippa. Virtues and Vices and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy. 1978.
  • MacIntyre, Alasdair. After Virtue. 1981. [Essential for modern virtue ethics]
  • Hursthouse, Rosalind. On Virtue Ethics. 1999.
  • Russell, Daniel. Practical Intelligence and the Virtues. 2009.

Comparative Religious Ethics​

  • Twiss, Sumner B., and Bruce Grelle, eds. Explorations in Global Ethics: Comparative Religious Ethics and Interreligious Dialogue. 1998.
  • Green, Ronald M. Religious Reason: The Rational and Moral Basis of Religious Belief. 1978.
  • Yearley, Lee H. Mencius and Aquinas: Theories of Virtue and Conceptions of Courage. 1990.

Islamic Ethics​

  • Hourani, George F. Reason and Tradition in Islamic Ethics. 1985.
  • Fakhry, Majid. Ethical Theories in Islam. 1991.
  • Ramadan, Tariq. Radical Reform: Islamic Ethics and Liberation. 2009.

Buddhist Ethics​

  • Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics. 2000.
  • Keown, Damien. The Nature of Buddhist Ethics. 1992.
  • Saddhatissa, H. Buddhist Ethics. 1987.

Hindu Ethics​

  • Bilimoria, Purushottama, et al., eds. Indian Ethics: Classical Traditions and Contemporary Challenges. 2007.
  • Creel, Austin B. Dharma in Hindu Ethics. 1977.
  • Matilal, Bimal Krishna. Ethics and Epics. 2002.

Jewish Ethics​

  • Borowitz, Eugene B. Exploring Jewish Ethics: Papers on Covenant Responsibility. 1990.
  • Dorff, Elliot N. The Way Into Tikkun Olam (Repairing the World). 2005.
  • Newman, Louis E. An Introduction to Jewish Ethics. 2005.

Chinese Ethics​

  • Shun, Kwong-loi. Mencius and Early Chinese Thought. 1997.
  • Yearley, Lee H. Mencius and Aquinas: Theories of Virtue and Conceptions of Courage. 1990.
  • Ames, Roger T., and Henry Rosemont Jr. Thinking from the Han Self: Truth, Transcendence, and Identity. 2016.

Contemporary Cross-Cultural Studies​

Methodology for Comparative Ethics​

  • Flanagan, Owen. The Geography of Morals: Varieties of Moral Possibility. 2016.
  • Nussbaum, Martha C. Women and Human Development. 2000. [For capabilities approach]
  • Sen, Amartya. The Idea of Justice. 2009. [For comparative approach to justice]

Empirical Virtue Research​

  • Peterson, Christopher, and Martin E.P. Seligman. Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. 2004. [For VIA Character Strengths]
  • Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues publications. [For contemporary virtue research]

Cited Sources Needed​

The following sections in the current documentation require proper citations from the above sources:

Urgent Citation Needs:​

  • virtues.md lines 10-47: Claims about quantitative nature of virtues
  • virtues.md lines 121-354: All religious tradition mappings
  • faith.md lines 139-190: Mathematical formulations about virtue
  • temperance.md lines 11-12: Aristotelian virtue definition

Cross-Cultural Claims Requiring Multiple Sources:​

  • All virtue equivalence mappings between traditions
  • Claims about universal virtue structures
  • Hierarchical arrangements of virtues

Guidelines for Future Citations​

  1. Primary sources first: Always cite original texts when making claims about traditions
  2. Multiple perspectives: Include different scholarly interpretations
  3. Cultural experts: Prioritize scholars from within traditions when discussing their virtues
  4. Contemporary scholarship: Include recent academic work, not just classical sources
  5. Peer review: Prefer peer-reviewed academic sources over popular works

Academic Standards Required​

  • All factual claims about religious or philosophical traditions must be cited
  • Cross-cultural comparisons must acknowledge limitations and provide methodological justification
  • Original theorizing must be clearly distinguished from established scholarship
  • Expert consultation required for tradition-specific content

Status: This bibliography represents sources that should be consulted. Current documentation does not yet meet these citation standards. See RESEARCH_NOTES.md for specific improvement needs.